On March 19, 1962, the Algerian War of Independence ended. It was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front in the period 1954 - 1962, recalls "Wikipedia".
This is a complex conflict of the movement for the decolonization of Africa, characterized by guerrilla warfare and the use of torture. It developed into a civil war between the different societies in the country. It took place mainly on the territory of Algeria.
The war was instigated by members of the National Liberation Front on November 1, 1954 and led to a serious political crisis in France and the fall of the French Fourth Republic. The brutality of the methods used by French forces in the war not only turned Algerian society against the French, but also limited French support at home and damaged French prestige abroad.
As the war progressed, the French public gradually turned against it, and many of France's allies, including the United States, withdrew their support for France and refrained from further discussion of the conflict at the United Nations.
Following large demonstrations in Algiers and several other cities in support of independence in 1960, as well as a UN resolution recognizing Algeria's right to independence, French President Charles de Gaulle decided to begin a series of negotiations with the National Liberation Front. These culminated in the Evian Accords in March 1962. A referendum was held on 8 April 1962, and the French electorate approved the Evian Accords. The result was 91% support for ratification of the agreements, and on July 1, a second referendum was held in Algeria, in which 99.72% of the votes were in favor of independence.
The planned French withdrawal from the country led to a state crisis. It included various assassination attempts against Charles de Gaulle, as well as military coup attempts. Most of them were carried out by the Secret Armed Organization - an illegal organization composed mainly of French military personnel, supporting French power in Algeria and carrying out numerous bombings in both Algeria and France in order to stop the planned independence.
After the declaration of Algerian independence in 1962, about 900,000 European Algerians (the so-called pied noir) left for France, fearing potential reprisals from the National Liberation Front. The French government was completely unprepared for the huge number of refugees, which led to unrest in France. Most of the Algerian Muslims who had worked for the French were disarmed and abandoned.
The Haraki, who served as auxiliary troops in the French army, were considered traitors and many were killed by the National Liberation Front fighters or lynched by angry mobs, and were often kidnapped and tortured. About 90,000 of them managed to escape to France, some with the help of French officers who ignored orders. Today, they and their descendants form a large part of the French Algerian population.